Neuroscience

Congenital and Hereditary Conditions See All  Anencephaly in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Anencephaly is a birth defect that affects the brain and skull bones. With this condition, the brain isn't fully formed. It often lacks part or all of the cerebrum. ...more  Cephalic Disorders in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Cephalic disorders affect the central nervous system as it develops. They may also affect the brain and the growth of the skull. ...more  Cerebral Palsy in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong condition that affects how the brain and muscles communicate. CP affects body movement, muscle control, coordination, reflexes, posture, and balance. ...more  Craniosynostosis in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Craniosynostosis is a condition where 1 or more of the bones of the skull close too early. This can cause problems with normal brain and skull growth. ...more  Hydrocephalus in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions A baby with hydrocephalus has extra fluid around the brain. This fluid is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Too much CSF can increase the pressure in your baby’s head. This causes the bones in your baby’s skull to expand and separate. The baby's head may look larger than normal. ...more  Microcephaly in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Microcephaly is a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than normal. It is most often present at birth (congenital). Most children with microcephaly also have a small brain and an intellectual disability. Some children with small heads have normal intelligence. ...more  Spina Bifida in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions Spina bifida is a birth defect that causes problems with the spine, spinal cord, and the surrounding nerves. ...more  Chiari Malformation Type I in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions A Chiari malformation (CM) is a problem with how the brain sits in the skull. Read on for detailed information about this condition in children. ...more  Chiari II Malformation in Children in Congenital and Hereditary Conditions A Chiari II malformation is present at birth. With this condition, 2 parts of the brain at the back of the skull bulge through a normal opening in the skull where it joins the spinal canal. ...more